Course Overview

This course offers a detailed exploration of remote sensing technologies, emphasizing the advanced capabilities of 3D laser scanning for both terrestrial and aerial applications (e.g., drones, airplanes).

Participants will gain a solid understanding of the principles, tools, and methods associated with laser scanning technology and its diverse applications in civil and architectural engineering, road construction, mechanical engineering, and other fields demanding precise spatial data collection.

Central to the course is the concept of 3D laser scanning, which generates a point cloud—a dense collection of three-dimensional data points that forms an accurate and highly detailed representation of physical objects or environments. This technology underpins modern engineering practices, enabling the creation of digital twins and facilitating innovative project solutions.

Participants will engage in hands-on learning, mastering techniques such as point cloud manipulation, transformation into a unified coordinate system, filtering irrelevant data, and producing deliverables like 2D plans or 3D BIM models. The course also addresses the critical topic of measurement uncertainty, helping students understand and mitigate potential inaccuracies in scanning results.

By the end of the course, students will be equipped with both theoretical knowledge and practical skills to integrate state-of-the-art 3D laser scanning technologies into professional workflows, bridging the gap between data acquisition and actionable engineering outcomes.

Learning Outcomes

Having passed the course, the students:

1) grasp the fundamental principles and explore potential applications of 3D laser scanning;

2) acquire knowledge of the basics involved in 3D point cloud processing;

3) demonstrate the ability to plan and execute laser scanning tasks effectively;

4) demonstrate proficiency in generating deliverables, including 2D plans and 3D Building Information Models (BIM).

Course Content

− explore 3D imaging techniques, including remote sensing through scanners, photogrammetry, radars, and sonars. Gain an introduction to laser scanning technology, understanding its applications in various fields. Explore the essentials of electromagnetic distance measurement systems, examining their fundamental principles. Discuss key facets of laser technology, including its characteristics and safety considerations. Uncover the inherent advantages linked with laser scanning;

− differentiate between static and dynamic laser scanning. Explore prevalent laser distance measuring principles, including Time of Flight, Phase Shift, and Waveform Digitizing Technology;

− consider the impact of scanning geometry on the quality of the point cloud. Explore how scanning geometry influences the precision and accuracy of the point cloud data;

− examine the architecture of various laser scanners, including factors like field-of-view. Provide an overview of the diverse scanners available in the market;

− engage in laser scanning fieldwork, focusing on measurement validation. Explore survey control, including types and establishment methods. Delve into the laser scanning data acquisition process;

− explore the principles of manipulating point clouds, including data transformation tasks such as registration, georeferencing, visualization, and the creation of deliverables such as 2D plans, cross-sections, and 3D as-built Building Information Modeling (BIM) models;

− fieldwork (group work);

− data processing (computer class).

During the course, various exercises will be carried out. The results of the exercises will be analyzed and discussed in the classroom.

Instructional Method

The studies consist of lectures, seminars, hands-on work, fieldwork and independent work.

Required Course Materials

Point clouds are processed and visualized in a computer lab utilizing Autodesk Recap, AutoCAD, and Revit software.
The software and hardware are required for the course.
The laser scanning equipment and point cloud data are provided by the TTK University of Applied Sciences of Estonia.

Assessment

The final grade for the course is determined through a combination of a written test, laboratory work, independent assignments, and a subject paper. The breakdown is as follows:
1. independent work (20%, non-graded):
     o includes fieldwork and active participation in class activities.

2. subject paper (10%, graded):
    o a focused assignment evaluating the student’s ability to research and analyze a relevant topic in detail.

3. laboratory work (20%, non-graded):
    o practical sessions involving hands-on experience with Autodesk Recap, AutoCAD, and Revit software.

4.written test with materials (50%, graded):
   o the written test carries a maximum of 50 points and assesses theoretical knowledge and problem-solving skills.