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Pedidos a: Juan Ramón Vidal Romaní

e-mail: xeoloxia@udc.es
LANDFORMS OF GRANITIC TERRAINS

C.R.Twidale and J.R.Vidal Romani
University of Adelaide and University of Coruña.


Dedicated to Bill Bradley, Bob Folk, Dusty Ritter, Bob Sharp, Heli Wopfner and the late Clyde Wahrhaftig, distinguished scientists, constructive critics, loyal friends, and men of integrity; truly representatives of an endangered species; and to the memory of Don Isidro Parga Pondal, distinguished pioneering Galician geologist, and Isaac Díaz Pardo gracious benefactor.
CONTENTS

1. LANDFORMS AND GEOLOGY OF GRANITIC TERRAINS
    (A) Typical landforms and landscapes
    (B) Previous work
    (C) Occurrences of granite
    (D) Granite - definition and composition
    (E) Physical characteristics
    (F) Orthogonal fracture systems
    (G) Fractures and drainage patterns
2. SHEET FRACTURES AND STRUCTURES
    (A) Terminology
    (B) Description and characteristics
    (C) Theories of origin
      (i) Exogenetic explanations
      (ii) Endogenetic explanations
    (D) Summary
3. WEATHERING
    (A) Definition and significance
    (B) Physical disintegration
    (C) Chemical alteration
    (D) The course of weathering in granite
    (E) Controls of weathering
4. PLAINS - THE EXPECTED GRANITE FORM
    (A) Weathering and surfaces of low relief
    (B) Plains of epigene (subaerial) origin
      (i) Rolling or undulating plains
      (ii) Pediments
      (iii) Relationship between pediment and peneplain
    (C) Etch plains in granite
    (D) Very flat plains
    (E) Multicyclic and stepped assemblages
    (F) Exhumed plains
    (G) Summary
5. BOULDERS AS EXAMPLES OF TWO-STAGE FORMS
    (A) The two-stage or etching mechanism
    (B) Boulders - morphology and occurrences
    (C) Subsurface exploitation of orthogonal fractures and two-stage development
    (D) Tectonic and structural forms
    (E) Types of peripheral or marginal weathering
    (F) Causes of peripheral weathering
    (G) Evacuation of grus
    (H) Boulders of epigene origin
    (I) Summary
6. INSELBERGS AND BORNHARDTS
    (A) Definitions and terminology
    (B) Bornhardt characteristics
    (C) Theories of origin
      (i) Environment
      (ii) The scarp retreat hypothesis
      (iii) Tectonics and structure: faulting and lithology
      (iv) Variations in fracture density
      (v) Differential subsurface weathering and the two-stage concept
    (D) Evidence and argument concerning origins of bornhardts
      (i) Contrasts in weathering between hill and plain
      (ii) Incipient domes
      (iii) Subsurface initiation of minor forms
      (iv) Flared slopes and stepped inselbergs
      (v) Regional and local patterns in plan
      (vi) Coexistence of forms associated with compression/shearing
      (vii) Topographic settings
      (viii) Occurrence in multicyclic landscapes
      (ix) Fracture-defined margins
      (x) Age of inselbergs and bornhardts
    (E) Exhumed bornhardts and inselbergs
    (F) Antiquity and inselberg landscapes
    (G) Summary
7. OTHER GRANITIC RESIDUALS AND UPLANDS
    (A) Isolated residuals
      (i) Nubbins
      (ii) Castle koppies
      (iii) Large conical forms or medas
      (iv) Towers and acuminate forms
    (B) Massifs
    (C) Regions of all slopes topography
    (D) Discussion
8. MINOR FORMS DEVELOPED ON STEEP SLOPES
    (A) Flared slopes
      (i) Description and characteristics
      (ii) Origin
      (iii) Changes after exposure
    (B) Fretted basal slopes and other variants
    (C) Scarp-foot weathering and erosion, and the piedmont angle
    (D) Rock platforms
      (i) Description
      (ii) Origin
    (E) Scarp-foot depressions
      (i) Description
      (ii) Origin
    (F) Flutings or grooves
      (i) Description
      (ii) Origins
      (iii) Surface or subsurface initiation?
      (iv) Inversion
9. MINOR FORMS DEVELOPED ON GENTLE SLOPES
    (A) Rock basins
      (i) Description
      (ii) Nomenclature
      (iii) Origin
      (iv) Differentiation of major types
      (v) Evacuation of debris
      (vi) Rate of development
    (B) Plinths and associated blocks and boulders
      (i) Description
      (ii) Origin
    (C) Pedestal rocks
      (i) Terminology
      (ii) Origin
    (D) Gutters or runnels
      (i) Terminology
      (ii) Description
      (iii) Origin
    (E) Rock levees
    (F) Rock doughnuts
      (i) Description
      (ii) Origin
      (iii) Evidence and argument
    (G) Fonts
10. CAVES AND TAFONI
    (A) General statement
    (B) Caves associated with corestones and grus
    (C) Caves associated with fractures
    (D) Tafoni
      (i) Description
      (ii) Processes
      (iii) Stages of development
      (iv) Case-hardening and other veneers
      (v) Summary
    (E) Speleothems
11. SPLIT AND CRACKED BLOCKS AND SLABS
    (A) Split rocks
      (i) Description
      (ii) Origin
    (B) Parted and dislodged blocks
    (C) Dislocated slabs
      (i) A-tents
      (ii) Overlapping slabs
      (iii) Displaced slabs
      (iv) Chaos
      (v) Wedges
      (vi) Origin of the forms
      (vii) Relationship of A-tents and pressure ridges
    (D) Polygonal cracking
      (i) Description
      (ii) Previous interpretations
      (iii) Evidence
      (iv) Explanations
    (E) Tesseleted pavement
12. ZONALITY, AZONALITY AND THE COASTAL SETTING
    (A) Introduction
    (B) Lithological zonality and azonality
    (C) Climatic zonality and azonality
    (D) The coastal context
13. RETROSPECT AND PROSPECT
Preface and acknowledgements


The authors owe a great debt of gratitude to many individuals and organisations without whose support and assistance the research, and particularly the field investigations, on which this book is based could not have been carried out. The Australian Research Council (and its several predecessors) have supported, and continue to support, investigations of various aspects of granite landform evolution. The universities of Adelaide and of Coruña have also provided support and facilities, and through study leave and similar schemes, supported the travel, consultation and collaboration without which this book would not have been possible.

It is impossible to acknowledge specifically the interest and encouragement of the many individuals, in various parts of the world, who have given us of their time, as well as the benefit of their local knowledge; but we thank them all. Special thanks are due to Dr. Liz Campbell and Dr. Jennie Bourne, both of whom have, over a period of many years, been enthusiastic, lively and critical field collaborators and companions, as well as co-authors of many of the papers that form the foundation of this larger work. Mr Peter Moss, Dr Liz Campbell, Mrs Noreen Shepherd and Mª Pilar Pintor read the book in draft form and helped eliminate many errors and inconsistencies. Debbie Haggar is responsible for drafting many of the line drawings, and Jacie Davis for reproducing them and Juan Ouro for the book design.

"LOS MINERALES DE ESPAÑA"
de D. Salvador Calderón

Due to the XXas Jornadas de la Sociedad Española de Mineralogía - SEM 2000 - and the century of the birth of D. Isidro Parga Pondal, founder of the Laboratorio Xeolóxico de Laxe (now University Institute of Geology "Isidro Parga Pondal"), this latter has edited a limited facsimil edition of the book "Los Minerales de España", written in 1910 by Professor Salvador Calderón.

The edition is made in two books, with 416 and 561 pages each. The reproduction follows in detail the characteristics of the text of Dr. Calderón, only incorporating a special prologue and a summary of the context of the original work and of the actual edition.

The book is distributed by the Laboratorio Xeolóxico de Laxe, the price of which is 30.05 euros (both issues) ( remittance cost not included).

For more information at:

Laboratorio Xeolóxico de Laxe
15168, O Castro, Sada
Tel. 00 34 981 620200 (Mrs. Virginia)
E_mail: xeoloxia@udc.es


New publications:

"Itinerarios geomorfológicos por el Noroeste y Centro Peninsular" (price 12.90 euros)

"Cuestiones de Geografía física" (price 12.00 euros)